8. Beginning of Settled Life
Complete textbook exercise solutions — Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Grade Five Environmental Studies Part 2.
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(a) Archaeological evidence shows that, agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.
(Iran, Iraq, Dubai)
(b) The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub.
(earth, bricks, wattle and daub)
(a) What are the three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal?
The three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal are:
(b) How did some people in the community become skilled craftsmen?
In the agricultural system, it became possible to store foodgrains for long periods, leading to a surplus of food available for the community. Because of this, some men and women got spare time for experimentation and using their natural creativity to develop special skills. Members with such special skills were assigned work based on those skills, and thus they became skilled craftsmen.
- Dog: Guards the house and property, helps in hunting, and is useful for police tracking.
- Cow / Buffalo: Provide milk, which is a major source of dairy products. Their dung is also used as fuel and manure.
- Bullock / Ox: Used as a beast of burden to plough agricultural fields and pull bullock carts for transport.
- Sheep: Provide wool for warm clothing, as well as meat and milk.
- Horse: Used for riding, transportation over long distances, and carrying heavy burdens.
The dog is extensively used by the modern police force. Due to their highly developed sense of smell, trained sniffer dogs are used to track down thieves and missing persons. They are also used to sniff out hidden explosives, bombs, and illegal drugs.
Visit people in your locality practising five different occupations and collect information about their work.
(Students should complete this activity independently. Examples of occupations you can observe: Tailor, Potter, Farmer, Carpenter, or Grocery Shopkeeper.)