5. The Foundation of the Swaraj
Complete solutions to the Exercise. Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Grade Seven History and Civics.
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Exercise
- (1) Pune, Supe, Chakan, Bengaluru — Bengaluru (The others were in the Pune jagir; Bengaluru is in Karnataka).
- (2) Jadhavs of Phaltan, Mores of Javali, Ghorpades of Mudhol, Sawants of Sawantwadi — Jadhavs of Phaltan (The others were Adilshahi Sardars who opposed the Swaraj).
- (3) Torana, Murumbdev, Sinhgad, Sindhudurg — Sindhudurg (It is a sea fort; the others are hill forts won in the early days of Swaraj).
(1) The efforts Veermata Jijabai took for Shivaji Maharaj's education.
Veermata Jijabai constantly guided Shivaji Maharaj in the mission of establishing Swaraj. She was very particular about giving excellent education to Shivaji. She instilled in him crucial values like modesty, truthfulness, oratory, vigilance, courage, and fearlessness. Furthermore, she ensured that he was well-trained in the usage of weapons and actively inspired in him the will to win and the dream of Swaraj.
(2) Shivaji Maharaj started his work of founding Swaraj in the Maval region.
The Maval terrain is full of hills and valleys and is not easily accessible. Shivaji Maharaj very skilfully made use of these difficult geographical features of Maval for the purpose of the foundation of the Swaraj. He created a strong feeling of trust and affection in the minds of the local people, inspiring many brave companions and associates to join him in his grand work of founding the Swaraj.
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The companions and associates of Shivaji Maharaj were:
- Yesaji Kank
- Baji Pasalkar
- Bapuji Mudgal
- Narhekar Deshpande brothers
- Kavji Kondhalkar
- Jiva Mahala
- Tanaji Malusare
- Kanhoji Jedhe
- Bajiprabhu Deshpande
- Dadaji Narasprabhu Deshpande
(1) Why Shahaji Maharaj is termed a Swaraj visionary.
Shahajiraje himself deeply aspired to establish Swaraj by ousting the powers of foreign people. While Shivaji and Jijabai were at Bengaluru, he intentionally arranged to provide excellent education to Shivaji so as to enable him to become a king. Because of his early vision and dedicated preparations for an independent kingdom, he is known as a Swaraj visionary.
(2) Shivaji Maharaj paid attention to building a Navy.
After successfully capturing Kalyan and Bhiwandi on the Konkan Coast, Shivaji Maharaj came into direct contact with the Siddi, Portuguese, and British powers located on the Western Coast. He quickly realised that in order to effectively fight these sea powers and protect his territory, it was necessary to have a strong naval force, so he concentrated on building a navy.
(3) Shivaji Maharaj entered into a treaty with the Adilshah.
While Shivaji Maharaj was trapped at Panhala, the Mughal Sardar Shaistakhan invaded the Pune province. As the conflict with Adilshahi continued, the Mughal army also invaded Swaraj, leading Maharaj to realise that it would not be prudent to fight two powerful enemies at one and the same time. Therefore, after escaping and reaching Vishalgad safely, he entered into a strategic treaty with the Adilshah and returned the fort of Panhala.
(4) How Shivaji Maharaj escaped from Panhalgad.
When Siddi Jauhar's siege around Panhalgad showed no signs of relenting, Shivaji Maharaj opened talks to induce slackness in the siege. Taking advantage of this, a brave youth named Shiva Kashid dressed up like Shivaji Maharaj and left via the 'Raj-dindi' gate in a palanquin, sacrificing himself when caught. In the meanwhile, Shivaji Maharaj, accompanied by Bajiprabhu Deshpande and chosen soldiers, escaped the fort using another difficult route and successfully proceeded towards Vishalgad.
The Activities (describing a fort you have seen and finding out what a 7/12 extract means) are practical exercises. Students should visit a nearby fort or consult their parents/teachers to view a real 7/12 extract document (which is a government land record extract used in Maharashtra).