9. The Maratha War of Independence
Complete solutions to the Exercise. Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Grade Seven History and Civics.
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Exercise
- (1) Aurangzeb was frustrated by his bravery. — (b) Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj
- (2) They cut the golden pinnacles of the Emperor's tent. — (b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan
- (3) He fought bravely in the Goa battle. — (a) Yesaji Kank
(1) Why did Sambhaji Maharaj return halfway from the Janjira Campaign?
Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and return halfway because at the same time, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj.
(2) Why did Sambhaji Maharaj decide to teach a lesson to the Portuguese?
Sambhaji Maharaj decided to teach a lesson to the Portuguese because the Portuguese of Goa had joined hands with the Emperor against him.
(3) To whom did Rajaram Maharaj entrust the responsibility of protecting the Swaraj when he went to Jinji?
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj entrusted the responsibility to fight against the Mughals and protect Swaraj to his faithful Sardars: Ramchandrapant Amatya, Shankaraji Narayan Sachiv, Santaji Ghorpade, and Dhanaji Jadhav.
(4) Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai's valour in these words.
Poet Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai's valour in these words:
"ताराबाई रामराणी । भद्रकाली कोपली ।
दिल्ली झाली दीनवाणी । दिल्लीशाचे गेले पाणी ।
रामराणी भद्रकाली । रणरंगी क्रुद्ध झाली ।
प्रयत्नाची वेळ आली । मुगल हो सांभाळा ।।"
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(1) Aurangzeb turned his attention towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi kingdoms.
Aurangzeb did not succeed in his campaign against the Marathas, therefore he suspended that campaign and turned his attention towards the kingdoms of Adilshah and Qutubshah to conquer them.
(2) After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, the Marathas intensified their war with the Mughals.
Sambhaji Maharaj was brutally put to death by Emperor Aurangzeb's orders, but the Maratha Chhatrapati did not compromise his self-respect and faced his death nobly and bravely. The Marathas took deep inspiration from his supreme sacrifice, which fueled their determination and led them to intensify their fight against the Mughals.
(3) It was decided that the Raigad fort should be fought under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.
When the Mughal general Zulfikarkhan put Raigad under siege, it was very risky for all members of the royal family (including Rajaram Maharaj, Maharani Tarabai, Maharani Yesubai, and Shahu) to stay at one place. Maharani Yesubai bravely tackled this unprecedented calamity, resolving that she would not surrender under any conditions; thus, it was decided that Rajaram Maharaj should escape to Jinji while the fight to defend Raigad would continue under her leadership.
The Activity (showing Goa, Bijapur, Golconda, Jinji, Ahmadabad, and Ahmednagar on a map of India) is a practical geography and map-reading exercise. Students should refer to a political or historical map of India to locate and mark these places.