2.4 Three Visions for India

(a) a developing nation and a developed nation

A developing nation is a country that is still growing economically and industrially, often struggling with poverty and lower standards of living. A developed nation has a highly advanced economy, strong infrastructure, high technological capability, and a high standard of living for its citizens.

(b) self-reliant and self-assured

Self-reliant means depending on one's own resources and abilities without relying on outside help. Self-assured means being confident in one's own abilities or character.

(c) our strengths and our achievements

Strengths are the positive qualities, abilities, and resources we possess that make us capable. Achievements are the actual successful results or milestones we have reached using those strengths.

(d) farm and granary

A farm is an area of land used for growing crops or rearing animals. A granary is a storehouse specifically designed to safely store threshed grain after it has been harvested from the farm.

(e) a remote-sensing satellite and a natural satellite

A remote-sensing satellite is a man-made machine launched into space to gather information and observe the Earth (e.g., weather, maps). A natural satellite is a celestial body that naturally orbits a planet, such as the Earth's Moon.

(a) Indians respect the freedom of others.
Dr Kalam states that despite being invaded by the Greeks, Portuguese, British, French, and Dutch who looted and conquered us, India has never invaded or conquered any other nation. We have never grabbed anyone's land or forced our culture on others, proving we respect their freedom.

(b) It is time to see ourselves as a developed nation.
India is among the top five nations of the world in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and maintains a 10 percent growth rate in most areas. Furthermore, poverty levels are falling, and our achievements are being globally recognized today.

(c) We Indians are obsessed with foreign things.
Dr Kalam points out that as a nation, we constantly want foreign TVs, foreign shirts, and foreign technology, constantly preferring imported items over our own creations.

(d) In Israel the media have a positive outlook and self-respect.
Dr Kalam mentions reading an Israeli newspaper the day after heavy bombardments and deaths. However, the front page featured an inspiring picture of a man who transformed a desert into an orchid farm. The gory details of the attacks were buried inside the paper, highlighting their focus on positivity and self-reliance.

(e) India has many amazing success stories.
We are the second largest producer of wheat and rice in the world, the first in milk production, and number one in remote sensing satellites. Additionally, there are success stories like Dr Sudarshan transforming a tribal village into a self-sustaining unit.

Say whether the bold/underlined parts of the following sentences are Phrases or Clauses.

1. People from all over the world have invaded us. — Phrase
2. I believe that India had its first vision of freedom in 1857. — Clause
3. It is this freedom that we must respect. — Clause
4. We are a great nation. — Phrase
5. I want to live in a developed India. — Phrase
6. We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. — Clause
7. We have 10 percent growth rate in most areas. — Phrase

Replace the underlined Phrases with Clauses.

1. Do you know his place of birth?
   Answer: Do you know where he was born?
2. In his absence, the thieves looted his house.
   Answer: When he was absent, the thieves looted his house.
3. I am a citizen of India.
   Answer: I am a citizen who belongs to India.