10. Armed Revolutionary Movement

(1) Chafekar brothers killed Rand.

• In 1897, the Plague Commissioner Rand had resorted to tyranny and force while managing the epidemic of plague in Pune.
• As a revenge for this injustice, the Chafekar brothers, Damodar and Balkrishna, shot him dead on 22 June 1897.

(2) Khudiram Bose was hanged to death.

• In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, members of Anushilan Samiti, planned to kill a judge named Kingsford.
• However, the vehicle on which they threw the bomb was not carrying Kingsford, and tragically two English women were killed in the attack.
• Khudiram Bose was caught by the police and put under investigation, leading to him being hanged to death.

(3) Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.

• The British Government had introduced two bills in the Central Legislative Assembly that curtailed civil rights.
• To strongly protest against these unjust bills, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.

(1) Write a detail description of the attack on Chittagong Armoury.

• Surya Sen was the chief of the revolutionary group at Chittagong in Bengal, and he had gathered prominent revolutionaries like Anant Singh, Ganesh Ghosh, Kalpana Dutta, and Pritilata Waddedar.
• With their assistance, Surya Sen drew up a detailed plan to attack the armoury at Chittagong.
• As per the plan, on 18 April 1930, the revolutionaries successfully seized the arms from the two armouries in Chittagong.
• They also destroyed the telephone and telegraph lines and succeeded in completely paralysing the communication system.
• Following the capture of the armoury, they gave a thrilling and brave fight to the British army.

(2) Explain the contribution of Swatantryaveer Savarkar in the armed revolutionary movement.

• In 1900, Swatantryaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar founded 'Mitramela', a secret organisation of revolutionaries in Nasik, which was later renamed as 'Abhinav Bharat' in 1904.
• He went to England for higher education and from there began sending revolutionary literature, guns, and guidance to the members of Abhinav Bharat in India.
• He wrote an inspiring biography of Joseph Mazzini, the famous Italian revolutionary.
• He wrote a book entitled 'The 1857 War of Independence', wherein he stated that the revolt of 1857 was the first war of independence.
• Even while sentenced to rigorous imprisonment at Andaman, he wrote 'Majhi Janmathep', detailing his experiences, and his lifelong actions deeply inspired the armed struggle for freedom.