4. Evolution
Complete textbook exercise solutions — Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Grade Five Environmental Studies Part 2.
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(a) The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by Charles Darwin.
(Charles Darwin, Willard Libby, Louis Leakey)
(b) Mammals are the most evolved animals among vertebrates.
(Aquatic animals, Amphibians, Mammals)
(a) What do we call animals which live in water and also on land?
Animals which live in water and also on land are called amphibians.
(b) Where did the first humans appear?
The first human species appeared on the African continent.
(a) The species of dinosaurs, which were enormous in size, suddenly became extinct.
Some sudden natural disaster or extreme environmental change is believed to be responsible for the sudden extinction of the enormous species of dinosaurs.
(b) In the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created.
In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some animals of a species. Over a period of time, these internal changes become inherited characteristics seen in all following generations. Thus, a new species with characteristics different from the original is created.
Activity: Make a model of a dinosaur.
Project: Collect pictures of invertebrates and vertebrates. Stick them in a notebook and write down their characteristics.
(Students are expected to complete these creative and observation-based tasks on their own.)