5. Evolution of Mankind
Complete textbook exercise solutions — Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Grade Five Environmental Studies Part 2.
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(a) Homo is a Latin word which means man.
(b) The Neanderthals primarily lived in caves.
(a) Who is said to have first made tools like the hand-axe?
Homo erectus is said to have first made tools like the hand-axe.
(b) What is heredity?
The appearance and health characteristics of human beings indicating their similarity to their ancestors is known as heredity.
(a) The Neanderthals became extinct.
It is believed that the Neanderthals became extinct due to their conflict with Homo sapiens and their inability to adapt to extreme environmental changes.
(b) Humans could produce subtle and varied types of sounds.
Homo sapiens had evolved to the stage of having a fully developed larynx, well-developed jaws, muscles inside the mouth, and a flexible tongue, which enabled them to produce subtle and varied types of sounds.
The words hidden in the grid, clue by clue:
- Humans who stood upright. — HOMO ERECTUS
- A sound that Neanderthals could make. — GRUNT
- Humans who used their hands. — HOMO HABILIS
- Homo sapiens sapiens began to grow this in fields. — GRAIN
- Pieces of stone used to make tools. — FLAKES
- It kept Homo erectus warm although they could not make it. — FIRE
- A country in which remains of Homo habilis were found. — KENYA
- A way of preparing food that Neanderthals used. — ROAST
- A tool made by Homo erectus. — HANDAXE
- Homo sapiens could do this to make pictures. — DRAW
- Humans could use their hands because they learnt to stand on two of these. — FEET
- The country in which remains of Neanderthals were first found. — GERMANY
- These were buried with them when Neanderthals died. — HORNS
Prepare a chart to show the progress of Man at the various stages from Homo habilis to Homo sapiens sapiens.
(Students should complete this activity on their own by drawing or pasting pictures and noting key features like tools used, brain development, and lifestyle changes across the stages.)